Lean manufacturing is a systematic approach aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency.

Benefits include reduced costs, improved quality, shorter lead times, increased flexibility, and better customer satisfaction.

Industry 4.0 refers to the integration of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and data analytics into manufacturing processes to create smart factories.

Industry 4.0 can improve operations by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, process optimization, and enhanced decision-making.

Robotics improves manufacturing by increasing efficiency, precision, and safety, while also reducing labor costs and repetitive tasks.